A Long Boring Story: the Kearns Milling Machine

Engineering machine tools often had very long working lives and were passed from firm to firm, their provenance becoming more vague and shrouded in rumour and mystery.

Even by those standards the story behind this machine seems extraordinary. A horizontal boring, facing and milling machine, it ended its days in the Greenock works of J Gardiner and Company. However, according to what Summerlee staff were told when they acquired the machine in the mid-1980s it was used to make weaponry in both the early and later years of the 20th century.

The story is that the machine was used to make torpedoes during the First World War and later on made parts for Seacat missiles. If anyone can verify this I would love to hear from them.

The machine was built sometime around 1914 by Kearns and Company of Manchester.

We would be very interested to hear from anyone who worked for Gardiners as we have a number of machine tools from them. You can drop me an e-mail at ParkesJ@culturenl.co.uk.

Recognising Scotland's Engineering Heritage

For much of the 19^th century and early 20^th century Scotland were world leaders in engineering; producing a vast array of machinery, tools and finished products. You will see a selection of rare and unique examples from the industry here on display.

Explore the machines up close, find out about the skill involved in operating them and why Scotland was at the forefront in a great age of invention and discovery.

The machinery is part of the museum’s Industrial and Associated Social History Collection which was awarded National Recognition status in 2009 by the Scottish Government. The award confirms the importance of the collection to the nation’s heritage; representing over two hundred years of Scottish industrial development.

The project has been funded by the Recognition Capital Fund administered by Museums Galleries Scotland and North Lanarkshire Council.



The Industrial and Associated Social History
Collection Cared For by North Lanarkshire
Council is Recognised as Being of National
Significance to Scotland



Vertical Boiler

This boiler design is called a ‘vertical cross-tube boiler'. Pipes criss-cross the inside of the boiler. These pipes held the water to be turned into steam by the heat of the fire inside the stokehole. This is different to a Lancashire

boiler where the fire was inside the tubes and the water inside the shell of the boiler.

This particular boiler was used at Aberdeen Gasworks. It provided steam to power steam engines, mostly pumps. These pumps forced the dirty coal gas from the coke ovens of the gasworks through a series of tanks to clean it for use in homes and businesses and for street lighting.

Radial Drill

This machine is called a radial drill because it can rotate around its centre column. This is a very versatile tool because the drill and be moved along the horizontal arm and the arm itself can be moved up and down as well as rotating around the centre column.

This particular machine was used in the engineering workshop at Kingshill Colliery, Lanarkshire. It is missing its gearbox, which was bolted to the rear of the table.

There are two larger radial drills on display in the Engineering Pavilion at Summerlee.

Planing Machine





 For more than a century the planing machine was an important tool in the engineers armoury.

This machine was used to make flat surfaces in metal. The cutting tool stayed still while the piece to be cut was clamped to the flat table below, which moved back and forth on rollers.

The table moved slowly on the cutting stroke but the return stroke would be twice as fast to save time. The cutting tool was quite narrow but could be moved gradually sideways to shape wider surfaces.

This particular machine came to the museum from the Fulwood Foundry in Hamilton but is thought to have previously been used at the marine engineering firm of Dunsmure and Jackson, Govan.

© Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of

Scotland. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk

This photograph shows similar planing machines at work at the Tullis factory in Clydebank.

You can see the blur of the moving table on the centre machine.

AUDIO: Daniel Mackay describes this machine

Long Gap-Bed Lathe

This lathe by the famous Scottish firm of John Lang and Sons is almost 7 metres long. It was built around 1900.

A gap-bed lathe has part of the bed of the lathe cut away so that it can shape larger workpieces than usual without the lathe itself getting in the way.

A long lathe would be used for shaping long components such as drive shafts and connecting rods for steam engines. This particular lathe is believed to have been used in a textile mill in the Scottish Borders.

Langs of Johnstone were famous throughout the world for their machine tools for almost a century.

Back-Geared Screw Cutting Lathe

This lathe by Langs of Johnstone was used at Dumfin Sawmill at Glenfruin, near Loch Lomond.

A back-gear slows the speed of the lathe in relation to the speed of the belt that drives it. Reducing the speed increases the power so that the lathe can make deeper cuts.

The stepped cone allows the operator to vary the speed of the lathe by moving the drive belt to different steps on the cone. A cone of the same size, but reversed, is attached the line shaft that drives the belt.

Dumfin sawmill was leased by the Taylor family for about a century until 2012.

The mill was powered by water until 1957. The hub of the main waterwheel is on display at Summerlee near the colliery engine house where its construction can be compared to that of the flywheel of the 1810 Newcomen engine.

This engraving from an engineering manual shows the names of the different parts of a typical screw-cutting engineering lathe. Click on it to enlarge.

Generator

This generator was used to make electricity on board a Second World War submarine recovery barge.

The tall part is a small steam engine that powers two dynamos at the same time. The dynamos turn the movement from the engine into electricity.

The dynamos were built by the Sunderland Forge Engineering Company.

We know very little about the barge on which this generator was used - can you tell us any more?

Gear Hobbing Machine

This American machine is designed to cut the teeth of gear wheels.

The cutting tool that you can see is called a ‘hob’. The gear wheel into which the teeth are to be cut is fitted onto the spindle in the middle of the turntable in front of the hob.

The machine was used in the Coatbridge works of Anderson Brothers from the 1930s. One of the engineers there, Jimmy Houston, used this machine to build the miniature traction engine ‘Tigger’ which is now at Summerlee

This illustration from an engineering manual shows a similar machine cutting the teeth of a bevelled gear wheel. You can see that the hob of the machine is angled to match the angle of the teeth it is cutting.

Bradson Drilling Machine

This Bradson drill came to Summerlee Museum from Tambowie Smithy near Milngavie.

Originally powered by a drive belt from an overhead line shaft, the drill has been fitted with its own electric motor at some later stage. The motor has not been geared down so the drill bit would have run faster than needed.

The village smithy traditionally carried out a wide range of work and not just shoe-ing horses. With the arrival of the motor car many blacksmiths became country garages.

Curling Stone Machines

These unique machines were used to make curling stones at the factory of Andrew Kay of Mauchline.

Both were built by Andrew Barclay and Sons of Kilmarnock to designs supplied by James Wylie of Kays. Barclays were a well-known engineering firm and locomotive builder - they made one of the locos you can see in the colliery at Summerlee Museum.

Curling is thought to have originated in medieval Scotland and has strong connections with North Lanarkshire. In fact the earliest purpose-built curling pond is at Colzium House near Cumbernauld and Kilsyth Curling Club is the world’s earliest.



© British Geological Survey / NERC. All rights reserved.

Licensor www.scran.ac.uk

 The granite for curling stones was traditionally quarried from Ailsa Craig and today the running surfaces of the stones continue to be made from the stone. Kays have exclusive rights to the stone from Ailsa Craig: it was last quarried in 2002, giving a large enough supply to last until at least 2020.

Boiler Shell Machine

This machine was used to turn and trim boiler shell plates in the Sheepford Boiler Works, Coatbridge.

After being shaped in the plate bending rolls the curved boiler plate was clamped onto the rotating table of this machine and turned against a static cutting tool.

The machine is a vertical lathe – just imagine a typical engineering lathe stood on end, the principle is exactly the same.

This drawing of a Hudson Patent Water Tube Boiler is from the Thomas Hudson and Company Archive which is held at North Lanarkshire Heritage Centre, Motherwell.

Click on the image to see it at a larger size.

Portable Drilling Machine

This drill was one of two large portable drills used in the Coatbank Engine Works of Murray and Paterson.

These very versatile drills could be lifted by an overhead crane inside the factory and moved to where they were needed. This was very useful because sometimes it was not possible to transport the thing being built to one of the larger fixed drilling machines.



© Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.

Licensor www.scran.ac.uk

This drill was made in the 1960s to replace a very similar model by the same maker, Asquith which by then had been taken over by the Staveley Machine Tool Company.

Here you can see the two mobile drills inside the works. Murray and Paterson were one of the biggest engineering firms in Coatbridge. They made machinery for the iron and steel industries and also built rudders for ships.

Vertical Plate Bending Rolls

From Thomas Hudson and Company’s Sheepford Boiler Works, Coatbridge.

Known as ‘pinch rolls’, these powerful rollers were used to shape the plates used to make boilers.

The forward roller could be lifted vertically by a crane and then shifted backwards in stages to increase the curvature of the boiler plate as it was slowly rolled back and forth between the rollers.

© Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.

Licensor www.scran.ac.uk

You can see in the photograph the overhead line shaft that drove the rolls via a thick belt drive. By the time this photo was taken the machine was no longer in use.

Hydraulic Pump

This large three-throw pump was built to generate the large amounts of power needed by a steel testing machine.

The tensile testing machine pulled samples of steel apart to see how strong they were. The testing machine itself was built for Mossend Steel Works in Bellshill and was later moved to Glengarnock Steel Works. It is now on display in the exhibition hall at Summerlee.



© Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.

Licensor www.scran.ac.uk

The pump was powered by the large Westinghouse electric motor that you can see bolted to it. Hydraulic power has the advantage that it can be flexible and can transmit tremendous power over distances and round corners.

The photograph shows the pump in-situ at Glengarnock.

Plate Edge Planer

This huge horizontal planing machine was used to trim the edges of the large steel plates used in boilers.

Boilers could be very large and had to be strong. This meant it was better to use large steel plates so that fewer joins were needed.

The flat steel plate was clamped into the planer and then the cutting head slowed moved along to cut it. The machine was driven by a belt from an overhead line shaft. Looking at the machine you can see the drum where the belt attached on the right: in fact there are three drums, one to make the cutting tool go left, one to make it go right and one to put the machine into neutral.



© Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.

Licensor www.scran.ac.uk

This particular plate edge planer was built in Glasgow around 1890 by the little-known engineering company of Crow Harvie. It was used in the Sheepford Boiler Works of Thomas Hudson and Company as shown in this photograph.

Sheepford Boiler Works

The boiler making workshop of Thomas Hudson and Company was on Locks Street, Coatbridge.

Hudsons was founded in 1870 and built not only boilers but also items for the coal mining industry such as screens. The screens were perforated steel plates that were used to sort the coal.





© Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.

Licensor www.scran.ac.uk



Thomas Hudson patented two boiler designs of his own. The works was enlarged and re-equipped around 1890.

In later years the firm no longer made boilers, concentrating instead on the production of perforated plates. The Sheepford Works eventually closed in the 1980s but some of the machinery was saved and brought to Summerlee. It is now a unique and important part of our Recognised Collection of National Significance.

The company archive is cared for at North Lanarkshire Heritage Centre, Motherwell.